Most important change issues facing health care organizations Essay

The Grafton Group Project

Understudy Names: Stephen Bray B00037534 Johnny GeraghtyB00020240 Alan LennonB00020051 Emmet Toft B00015911 [pic] Module Name:Strategic Management 2 Lecturer:Mr Liam Bolger Submission Date:29th April, 2010 Word Count:10,413 Table of Contents Background of the company:2 History of the company:3 The Environment7 PESTEL analysis7 Political7 Economic7 Sociocultural8 Ireland populace by Age 20069 Technology10 Environment10 Legal10 Key drivers for change10 The Industry11 Porters Five Forces analysis11 Substitute items/services12 Bargaining intensity of buyers12 Bargaining intensity of suppliers12 Rivalry/Competition13 Openings and Threats14 Opportunities identified15 Threats identified16 Financial Information Analysis17 Analysis of Financial Reports18 Liquidity Ratios18 Profitability Ratios20 Net Profit Margin per Segment20 Earnings per share (EPS)21 Analysis:23 Liquidity:23 Profitability:24 Debt:24 Return on Investment:24 Borrowings:25 issues with getting to credit. 25 Share Price26 Source http:investor/graftongroupplc. com27 Liquidity: Excellent27 Financial Strength:Excellent27 Profitability: Fair27 Growth: 027 Source www. corporateinformation. com27 Outlook for the Future28 Rationalization measures:29 Plans for 2010:29 Opportunities 2010:29 Group Strengths30 Weaknesses31 Strategic Capability31 Critical Success factors for clients (an example of yet not restricted to):33 Corporate Governance35 Grafton Group’s Compliance with the Combined Code36 The Board †who reports to whom? 37 Directors’ Independence and Board Balance38 Performance of the Board39 Corporate Social Responsibility †CSR and Ethics39 Shareholder and Stakeholder Expectations and Influences41 Culture of Organizations and Grafton Group43 Strategic Direction and Corporate level strategy44 Corporate Parent44 The corporate parent as a Synergy manager45 Vital Drift46 International Strategy48 Table Pre-Merger48 Table Post-Merger50 Traditional explanations behind Merger failure51 Through a potential merger Grafton may:52 Strategic Directions53 Market Consolidation54 Market Diversity (Related)55 International system †Travis Perkins and Grafton merger? 56 Bibliography59 Plagiarism Disclaimer:60 Background of the organization: Grafton Group plc is a free, benefit development situated organization with activities principally in the UK and furthermore in Ireland. The Group has solid national and territorial situations in the merchanting, DIY retailing and mortar markets. The Group expects to accomplish better than expected returns for investors. Grafton’s procedure is to expand on solid situations in organizations serving the UK and Irish development segments, to create in related markets, and to develop in organizations with which it is recognizable. In Great Britain, Grafton is the fourth biggest merchanting business exchanging from 430 areas containing 219 Builders Merchanting branches exchanging essentially under the Buildbase and Jackson brands and 211 Plumbers Merchanting branches exchanging for the most part under the Plumbase brand. EuroMix is the market chief in the UK dry mortar advertise where it exchanges from a system of nine assembling plants in England and Scotland. In Northern Ireland, MacNaughton Blair is one of the main builder’s shippers in the region where it exchanges from 20 areas. In the Republic of Ireland, the Group is the biggest manufacturers and plumber’s merchanting business exchanging broadly from 62 branches under the Chadwicks and Heiton Buckley brands. The Group is the market head in DIY retailing in the Republic of Ireland, exchanging broadly from 41 stores and is likewise occupied with the assembling of mortar, plastics and windows in the Republic of Ireland. Today, in Ireland, Grafton is the biggest manufacturers and handymen dealers and the reasonable market pioneer in DIY retailing. In the UK the Group’s merchanting activity is the fourth biggest in the market. 2005 turnover was â‚ ¬2. 6 billion and Profit after Tax added up to â‚ ¬166 million. History of the organization: Grafton’s inceptions go back to 1902 and from that point forward the Chadwick family have assumed a focal job in the advancement of the business. 1909 William Thomas Chadwick sets up his first business called Chadwicks (Dublin) Limited to flexibly developers vendors and significant structure contractual workers with Irish and imported concrete and mortar. Today Chadwicks is the second biggest manufacturers and handymen merchanting brand in Ireland, exchanging from 31 branches broadly. 1930 William Chadwick obtains control of a little firm occupied with the assembling of solid squares and rooftop tiles, which his organization was providing with concrete. In 1931 Concrete Products of Ireland was enrolled as a private restricted organization. Today it is called CPI Limited and is a main producer of dry mortar in the Irish market. William Chadwick, the Group’s author, bites the dust toward the finish of the Second World War, leaving the business to his two children †Terence and Finton Chadwick. 1965 Concrete Products of Ireland turns into an open organization and buys Chadwicks (Dublin) Limited from the Chadwick family. Simultaneously Marley Limited builds its holding to 51%. Marley’s relationship with Concrete Products of Ireland goes back to the finish of the Second World War when Marley obtained a minority shareholding. 985 Mr. Michael Chadwick is designated Executive Chairman. 1987 Marley plc chooses to focus on the production of building materials and as an outcome sold its controlling shareholding in the Group. The Marley shareholding was put with institutional financial specialists and the Group’s the board. The Group opens its first DIY retailing store in the Irish market. 1988 The Group c hanges its name to Grafton Group plc and makes its first UK obtaining, a little warming and plumbing business which gives the Group nature with the huge UK merchanting market. 990 The Group gains MacNaughton Blair a since quite a while ago settled and notable Belfast-based developers traders. Likewise during the year Grafton obtains Joseph Kelly and Son (1994) Limited in Dublin, a developers merchanting business which was to turn out to be very much positioned to serve the requirements of the structure exchange the focal point of Dublin. 1994 The Group’s extends essentially in the UK with the procurement of Bradley’s and Lumley and Hunt plumbing and warming tasks. All out deals in Britain and Northern Ireland increment by 53%, speaking to 21% of Group turnover. 995 Grafton procures P. P. S. Mortars †a storehouse mortar plant situated in Glasgow. This business receives the EuroMix storehouse mortar plan of action and innovation, which has been effectively evolved b y CPI, the Group’s Irish solid items business. Today EuroMix is the main UK mortar maker with eight plants. 1996 The Group proceeds with its key improvement in the UK with its first securing of a builder’s merchanting business †R. J. Johnson, situated in Oxford. 1997 The Group keeps on gaining in the UK including a further 14 areas through six little however noteworthy acquisitions and accomplishes minimum amount in its UK tasks. This is the Group’s tenth year as a free open organization; a time of extensive accomplishment where deals expanded 18% every year and income per share developed at an annualized pace of 29%. 1998 UK builders’ merchanting activities extend considerably with the obtaining of British Dredging plc, the first run through an Irish organization procures a recorded UK plc. This business works a sum of 23 areas consolidating 17 builders’ vendors and six plumber’s dealers. The builder’s merchanting activity is incorporated under the Buildbase brand, which was set up in 1997 as the exchanging name for the Group’s UK builder’s merchanting activity. During that year the Group makes another six acquisitions including a further 19 areas, including the London based Deben Builders Merchants business with 10 branches and A R Hendricks Limited, a substantial side manufacturers trader exchanging from five branches. 1999 The Group proceeds with its jolt on procurement program including a 16 additional areas, through eight acquisitions in the UK. All through the nineties the Group proceeds with the extension of its Irish merchanting and DIY retailing activities and solidifies its situation as market pioneer in the two parts. 2000/2001 During these years, the Group proceeds apace with its jolt on securing procedure. A sum of 24 acquisitions were made during the period, many single branch activities that include an incentive through infilling the Group’s by and large system of areas in the UK. 002 This is a record year with a sum of 15 acquisitions adding a further 39 branches to the UK merchanting system. These acquisitions included five little chains: Lakes in Derby, BMB in Barnsley, and PDM in Edinburgh, Aizlewoods in Rotherham and JKS Heating and Plumbing Supplies in Manchester. 2003 The Group embraces its biggest ever procurement so far †Jackson Building Centers in England including 18 branches †and makes another critical obtaining with Plumbline, Scotland’s biggest free handymen vendors with 17 areas. Generally it was a bustling year with a further seven jolt on acquisitions finished, giving an aggregate of nine acquisitions for 2003. Grafton now has 137 plumbers’ merchanting branches exchanging under the Plumbase brand and 139 builders’ merchanting branches exchanging essentially under the Buildbase and Jackson brands. 2004 The Group finishes its 100th securing since 1998, averaging more than one every month. An aggregate of 19 acquisitions are finished during the year, another record year for improvement. Grafton agrees to procure Heiton Group plc, subject to administrative endorsement. 005 In January Grafton finishes the securing of Heiton Group plc. This business incorporates, bury alia, the No. 1 builder’s mercha

How Women Can Relieve Their Stress

How Women Can Relieve Their Stress Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Women Can Relieve Their Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 18, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Zero Creatives / Cultura / Getty Images It seems to be common knowledge that women are generally busier and more stressed than men. Its widely believed that they juggle more roles and are constantly rushing. Many women themselves feel that they shoulder the lions share of responsibilities outside of paid work, even when they are working just as many hours as their male counterparts. Perhaps because of this, women are seen as generally more stressed than men. But how true is this perception? Researchers from The University of Arizonas School of Family and Consumer Resources decided to find out. They took a sample of 166 married couples and had each participant maintain a daily diary over the course of 42 days, where they recorded their daily stressors. The results indeed showed that women reported a greater amount of high distress days and fewer distress-free days than men. Interestingly, the differences in levels of stressful days were due to women experiencing more onsets of distress episodes (having stress response triggered), rather than being more likely to continue in a distressed state from one day to the next. In other words, women didnt hold onto their stress more; they just experienced more episodes of being stressed. This brings up some important issues regarding women and stress, that women need to be aware of: Understand Gender Differences in Stress If youre feeling more stressed than your male counterparts, dont take it as a sign that youre not handling stress as well; it might be because youre experiencing more stress. Give yourself a pat on the back for handling what you already are, and move confidently to step two. Eliminate What You Can It seems that people are always asking women (especially mothers!) to help with group projects like organizing office birthday parties or running the PTA. While many of these activities are fulfilling, they can add up to a significant amount of stress just by filling your schedule to the brim. While it can be very difficult to say no sometimes (especially if you tend to be a people pleaser), its vital to your health and happiness that you keep in mind that saying yes to too many requests means saying no to things you need: time alone, hobbies, and other soul-nourishing activities. To maintain a reasonable level of daily stress, women need to get used to the idea of setting priorities and saying no. Alter Your Perspective Much of your experience with stress can be eliminated with a change in the way we look at things. This may sound too good to be true, but it isnt! Altering the way you conceptualize the events you find stressful (viewing them as a challenge instead of a threat, or an opportunity instead of a crisis, for example) can actually make them feel less threatening and stressful. When you dont perceive a situation as a threat, your bodys stress response is deactivated more quickly (or doesnt get triggered in the first place), and youre more able to avoid the effects of chronic stress. Have Some Quick Stress Relievers You cant eliminate all stress in life, and probably wouldnt want to if you could. There are many types of stress that are enjoyable, like the excitement of a first date or the suspense of waiting to hear if youve gotten a new job. Because it may not be possible to stop reacting to stress (even with the most positive outlook), its important to have some fast stress relievers in order to reverse your stress response quickly and prevent yourself from entering a state of chronic stress. Maintain Regular Stress-Relieving Habits You can also prevent yourself from getting into an overwhelmed state (where youre more reactive to stress) by maintaining some regular stress relief activities as part of your schedule. Studies show that those who meditate regularly are less reactive to stressors that occur in their lives. Exercise is also an important option to remember; it can keep you physically and emotionally healthy. Journaling also has many benefits for its users. Adding one of these options to your morning or nightly routine could bring be especially useful.

Essay about The Integrity of Capital Markets - 1436 Words

Introduction Capital market is constituted of both primary and secondary markets all of which provide long-term investment opportunities. They are markets for long term funds with maturity period of more than one year. Examples of Financial instruments which are used in capital markets are debentures, terms, loans, bonds, warrants, preference shares and ordinary shares among others. These markets constitute of bond market and stock market in which debts and equity securities are traded respectively. Subsequently, capital market serves as a way of allocating the available capital to the most efficient users. Being an investment arena, capital markets usually are in constant control of immense amount of money which is usually contributed†¦show more content†¦For example through use of print media and radio, a large number can be accessed. Unethical business practices have been dominating the capital market environment thus leading to subsequent frustration of investors. For instance, delivery and channeling of sensitive market oriented information on biased bases has led to unexpected fluctuation of various market share prices in which shareholders expect dividend from. For example, cases have been reported where top management teams in a collapsing organization leak some such sensitive information to a small group of shareholder. As a consequence, the informed shareholders clear their shares through sale from the involved organization through adoption of a luring technique. This leaves the future investors at a state of dilemma accompanied with frustration and loss bearing the opportunities foregone (OBrien, 2007). Capital markets should uphold their integrity by acting independently through formulation of strategies an making of decision which are whatsoever not biased or discriminatory. Through this, it creates confidentiality and integrity of institution thus promoting future investments from investors. 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The Koran And The Protestant Bible - 1249 Words

The Koran and the Protestant Bible Over the course of this semester, we have talked about the five main religions, each of which containing their own views, backed by their own scriptures and holy books. Due to a length limit, I am going to outline how the Protestant Bible and the Koran came to be in order to demonstrate the differences between how these books were created. I do not begin to understand all of the complications on this topic, nor will all of the arguments that could be made be touched on; however, my critical analysis will include how these books were manifested, and their unique paths to authentication and being accepted by the people of their religion. To begin, I will talk about the Koran and how it came to be. Followers of Islam commonly hold to the truth that the Koran was given to the Prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel; however, this is not recorded anywhere in the Koran itself. It is said that over the course of his lifetime, the angel Gabriel revealed to Mohammed the words of Allah. Mohammed , being illiterate, would remember the pieces of prophesy and recite it to his scribes, who would then read it back to him. He would also sometimes show them to Gabriel to make sure they were transcribed correctly. In total, there are 114 suras, or chapters, in the completed Koran. The entire Koran was completed over Muhammad’s lifetime, which was from 570 CE to 632 CE, though he reportedly did not receive his first visit from Gabriel until he was forty yearsShow MoreRelated Islam, Judaism, Catholicism, and Protestantism Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesmain sacred text is the Koran, which they believe Gabriel gave to Mohammad from God. Muslims believe that the Koran is the final revelation from God, as the Bible has been â€Å"corrupted† upon translation. My passage is Isaiah 53 where it talks about a suffering servant for Israel. 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Attentional Blink Free Essays

INTRODUCTION The Attentional Blink Experiment aims to determine the capability of an individual to recognize both the targets given that he or she is subjected to rapidly changing stimuli. Moreover, the theory states that after the detection of the first target in a rapid stream of visual stimuli, the second target is missed (Niewenstain, Potter, Theeuwes, 2009). Hence, the experiment means to prove whether attentional blink is present in the experiment and if the theory is correct. We will write a custom essay sample on Attentional Blink or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, the suggested hypothesis for this experiment is that the higher separation of the two targets with each other will increase the probability of discriminating and reporting the second target with respect to the first. In addition, the experiment was conducted inside the ergonomics laboratory at the Science and Technology research building on February 5, 2013 using the Wadsworth Coglab program application. It was done at only one site to ensure the consistency of the environment. Also, each test consisted of 100 trials. I. PROBLEM STATEMENT Attentional blink is present between targets of short separation. II. OBJECTIVES 1. Aims to confirm the presence of attention blink in the different subjects. 2. Aims to show that the percentage reported for the 2nd target increases as the separation of the two targets increases through the use of statistical analysis. 3. To identify improvements for the report of the second target in the stimulus presentation, assuming the theory is correct. III. METHODOLOGY A. Selection of Subjects The minimum required subjects was fifteen subjects which consists of the students of the present Ergcog2 laboratory class, and they were asked to answer the attention blink experiment honestly. The group decided to add additional of 10 subjects outside of DLSU with the same conditions given to the first fifteen subjects in the class. This was done for the reason that more data leads to more consistent and less biased results. There was no particular reason nor criteria used in choosing the subjects. They were chosen out of convenience. Apparently, the subjects chosen were composed of both male and female and all subjects were in between the ages of 18-22 years old. B. Experiment Proper 1. Fifteen subjects (from the class) and ten subjects (outside DLSU) were chosen to answer the experiment on attention blink. They were chosen using convenience sampling distribution. 2. There are two trials in this experiment and the group considered this factor. Trial 1: Subjects took the experiment without being distracted. Trial 2: Subjects took the experiment while being disturbed during the whole experimental period. Subjects were having simultaneous conversation during the whole experiment. 3. The software is activated. Pressing the spacebar indicates the start of the first trial where a sequence of letters appears. Each letter in the sequence is only flashed for 100 milliseconds. 4. The task of the subjects is to determine if letter J, letter K, or both letters were flashed in each sequence. 5. The subject presses the â€Å"J† and â€Å"K† keys to indicate that the letters â€Å"J† and â€Å"K† were flashed in the sequence respectively. The subject can also press both â€Å"J† and â€Å"K† keys if he/she believes that both letters were flashed. 6. The keys that were pressed by the subjects are flashed immediately in the screen for the subjects to be able to check whether the software was able to receive the information correctly or not. 7. Space bar is pressed by the subject to proceed to the next trial. . After the 100 trials, a window appears which shows the graphical result of the test that was done by the subject. The graph shows the rate of how the subjects were able to detect the targets due to how the targets were separated. 9. The results were analysed and conclusions and recommendations were made at the end of t he experiment. C. Tools Used * Computers with CogLab Software are used to run the trials in which data are gathered. D. Possible Causes of Error (Factors) Fatigue of the subjects is a possible cause of error in the experiment. One run is composed of 100 trials, which can be very tiring for the eyes. As a result, the subject’s ability to detect targets may deteriorate at the latter trials of the experiment. Environmental factors can also be a possible cause of error like having noise in the background or having a conversation while doing the test. This is to test whether this kind of factor has a significant effect on the ability of the subject to detect targets. The subjects not taking the attention blink test seriously may also be a possible source of error in the experiment. Some subjects may have just rushed the test. How the subjects would take the experiment is solely dependent on their level of seriousness. IV. RESULTS DISCUSSION Table 1. Summary of the Mean and Std. Deviation Response on 1st target | Separation target| | 0| 2| 4| 6| 8| Mean (percent)| 56| 54. 5| 58| 54. 5| 58| Std. Deviation| 11. 7| 13. 4| 17. 2| 15. 5| 19. 6| Figure 1. Percent Response Vs Target Separation for 1st target Table 1 shows that for the first target the average responses for the 5 separation target are near to each other. The results for each target separation might be varied for the subjects as seen in the deviations which are at the range of 11. 7 to 19. 6, but comparing the 5 mean would only result to a standard deviation of 1. 75. This means that the results are almost constant and has minimal deviation. Figure 1 also shows this trend that the % responses for each target separation are near each other. Looking at the results it can also be seen that the subjects can only see 54. 5% to 58% of the 1st target, since fluctuations in the graph is within these range. Table 2. Summary of the Mean and Std. Deviation Response on 2nd target | Separation target| | 0| 2| 4| 6| 8| Mean (percent)| 5. 0| 39. 0| 42. 5| 58. 5| 60. 5| Std. Deviation| 6. 2| 16. 6| 11. 4| 11. 6| 15. 7| Figure 2. Percent Response Vs Target Separation for 2nd target Table 2 shows that the percent mean of the responses increases as the target separation increases. Again the results for each target separation also varied for the subjects since the deviation ranges from 6. 2 to 16. 6. But the deviation for the zero separation is not that big compared to the others, since most of the respondents here cannot detect the 2nd target. The deviation for each target separation might be big but the data and Figure 2 would show a linear relationship with between the % response and the target separation of the 2nd target. This means that the respondents are able to detect the 2nd target more as the separation between the two target increases. The % response of the respondents for the 2nd target is from 5% to 60. 5%. Figure 3. Percent Response Vs Target Separation for 1st and 2nd target Figure 3 would show a clearer relationship between the 1st target and the 2nd target. The line for 1st target (blue) would show an almost straight line pattern while the line for the 2nd target (red) would show a line that increases as target separation increases. The graph also shows that for target separation 0 to 4, the 1st target has a higher % response. But when the separation became 6 and 8 the 2nd target is seen more by the respondents. We could also see that the deviation between the 1st and 2nd target decreases as the target separation increases. For the 0 target separation the difference between the two targets are 51% for the 2 sec target separation it became 15. % and the difference becomes smaller as target separation increases. The best result is seen in the 8 sec target separation since 1st target has a 58% response and the 2nd is 60% response the difference between the two is only 2%. In addition, in order to identify the targets better the subject only focuses on the letters â€Å"J† and â€Å"K† and disregards the other letters in the s eries. In fact, this selective nature of perception would lessen the overloading of information. According to Reed (2004), selectivity is defined as the focusing of aspects of attention, wherein the subject pays attention to some aspects while ignores the others. To prove that the attentional blink theory is correct in stating that the first target is unaffected by the separation of the signals. And the second target, on the other hand, shows that the longer the separation period of the first signal to the second, the higher the response (Mackewn Goldthwaithe, 2004). Regression technique is used to see the relationship between the target separation and % response of the 1st and 2nd target. This would show how the target separation (independent) affects the detection of the target for the 1st and 2nd target (dependent). Table 3. Regression summary for 1st target. N= 50| Beta| Std. Err. of Beta| B| Std. Err. of B| t(48)| p-level| Intercept|   |   | 55. 4| 3. 75| 14. 77| 0. 00| Separation| 0. 04| 0. 14| 0. 20| 0. 77| 0. 26| 0. 80| The regression summary would show that the separation of the target is not related with the percent response of the 1st target since the p-level of the regression is 0. 80 meaning it is not significant in identifying the value for the 1st target. Table 4. Regression summary for 2nd target. N= 50| Beta| Std. Err. of Beta| B| Std. Err. of B| t(48)| p-level| Intercept|   |   | 15| 3. 9| 4. 18| 0. 00| Separation| 0. 79| 0. 09| 6. 53| 0. 73| 8. 92| 0. 00| The regression summary shows that for the 2nd target the target separation is significant since a p-level of 0. 00 is shown. Therefore, this means that target separation affects the % response for the 2nd target. On the other hand the beta value of 6. 53 shows that as the target separation increases the % response for the 2nd tar get also increases. The Attentional Capacity Theory Duncan et al. have proposed that T1 occupies attentional capacity to the detriment of a trailing T2 target. This theory suggests that the duration for which T1 continues to occupy attentional capacity is related directly to the T2 processing difficult (Rochester Institute of Technology). This explains why the 2nd target increases as the separation time increases. It is because the theory states that every person has their own attentional capacity and if separation time is bigger the information processing do not overlap and the two targets are seen by the respondent. This also why the first letter is first seen since it is the one that occupies the person’s attentional capacity first and is first processed by the person. Outside Factors In the conduction of the experiment, although the distraction may have a small effect on the signal detection of the subjects, the results as shown in the graphs make it clear that attentional blink is not affected by the amount of external distraction since it is an internal issue. As mentioned, in trial 2 the subjects were distracted by assigning someone close enough to generate a conversation with them through the whole duration of the experiment. There is no significant difference found in the detection of the targets between being distracted and not. This is because the subjects were observed to say â€Å"ha? † more often than not during the conversation. Having their attention focused on the experiment applies the theory of selective attention wherein one tries to pay attention to one input in the presence of others (Glass Holyoak, 2004). Visual dominance is another concept that can be seen in the experiment. It can be observed that visual targets dominate over auditory targets (Glass Holyoak, 2004). This also explains why the subject is more inclined in doing the experiment rather than chatting with the distracter. V. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that the theory of attentional blink is correct. The hypothesis made at the beginning could be verified by the results obtained. These results show that separation does not have a large effect on the probability that the first target would not be detected by the respondents, since the average percentage reported for the first target by the respondent is relatively unaffected by separation. The values were close to each other. On the other hand, average percentage reported for the second target increased as the separation increased. This shows that the hypothesis that the longer the separation between the targets, the higher the chance of getting the targets right is correct. There are less chances of an attentional blink when more letters are in between, since the second letter is delayed. This gives the user a chance to have more accurate results. Although the program was effective in proving that the Attentional Blink Theory is correct, there could still be some improvements that could be done. Since the program has a black background and white letters for the stimuli, a way of making the second target easier to detect is to add color or change the background color. According to (Pashler, 1999), the second target could be easier to detect when there is color discrimination. When provided, it seems to cause the blink to virtually disappear because there is a different dimension. Sizes of the letters were the same for all. Biased attention may occur when the contrast and sizes of the targets differ (Proulx Egeth, 2006). In the research conducted by Proulx and Egeth (2006), objects with better luminance contrast are processed rapidly and precisely compared to lower contrast items. It also shows that larger objects can influence visual performance. In order for the subject to identify the second target, the size of the signals or targets can be made bigger. A sample for this is illustrated below. Based from observation, the respondents made mistakes on entering what letter they saw. The program did not allow the respondent to change his or her answer. A recommendation for the enhancement of the program could be having the function to let the respondent change his or her answer, so that the respondents’ probability of getting the correct answer would increase. This in turn can improve the respondents’ data. How to cite Attentional Blink, Papers

The Naked Sun Essay Example For Students

The Naked Sun Essay RESUME OF CHAPTERS 2-18(FUCKIN VALUABLE!!)When the ship stopped Elijah remained on his seat. Then he looked away and saw Daneel Olivaw, he is a robot that look like a man. After Elijah Bailey went in an air-tube, a robot was in charge of the trip of Elijah, his serial number is RX-2475. When the trip in the air-tube ended, Bailey received information about Solaria and he learned that the population on the planet is 20000 people and 200000000 robots in a territory of 30000000 square miles. He then felt the need to see outside the ground-car. He asked the robot if that car was convertible and the robot said yes but the robot didnt want to open the ground-car window and he started to say the rules of the robot which are that a robot may not injure a human being or allow a human being to be harmed and a robot must obey to the orders given by human beings except if they are in conflict with the first law and a robot must protect himself as long as this law does not conflict with the first or the second law. Then Bailey opened the ground-car window and Bailey lost all sensations.When Elijah Bailey woke up, the robot Daneel told him that he suffered harm. Both were 6 minutes away from their destination. Then Bailey wanted to go outside but the robot told him that it will be unnecessary to work outside. They arrived and he saw the home and taught that they are too many rooms in the house. Bailey asked how many people will be in the house, and Daneel said the there will be him, Daneel, and some robots. And Bailey learned that this house was built for him and that this house will be destroyed when he will go back to earth. Later, Elaijah met Hannis Gruer to talk. Hannis explained to Elijah some details about the crime that happened on the planet Solaria. The profession of the human that was murdered was fetologist and his wife name was Gladia. When the meeting ended Hannis rose and left then Bailey noticed that Hannis was never here, he was a trimensional image of the re al Hannis. Then Bailey wanted to eat and he learned from Daneel that there was 50 robots on the house. After dinner Bailey went in his bed and thought that the bedroom was too large. He also thought about Hannis and his security job. He slept.Elijah Bailey woke up because of a robot. Bailey shaved. After he shaved he asked Daneel a question. The question was why there is only 20000 people on Solaria?, and Dannel answered that it was there way of life. And the robot said that cities didnt existed on Solaria. Eliah took a breakfast. After the breakfast, Elijah wanted to work so he needed to use the machine that shows a 3D image of anyone on the planet. A robot entered the room where the machine was installed but Elijah wanted to work alone and he also thought that he can use the machine by himself. Daneel told Elijah that it was better that a robot will use that machine because the robot was an expert and it would be mean to not let the machine do the work. Elijah decided to let the r obot do the work. The robot was working well. Bailey was fascinated by the light and the projection of the machine. Then Gladia Delmarre was speaking. Gladia said that it would be useful to have more that one contact-patch in a house. Daneel said to Mrs. Delmarre that it would be better to put clothes when they will talk later.Gladia told Bailey that when he saw her it was only viewing. Bailey told her that he was surprised. He thought about Jessie his wife. And Gladia started to talk about the differences of viewing and seeing. Bailey did not understand that concept when she was talking but he understood it later on. So, they continued to talk and Bailey told his name to Gladia and they began to talk seriously. Gladia was married for 10 years and she was 33 years old. Gladia told Bailey that see saw rarely his husband. Bailey asked Gladia if she had children but Gladia felt very uncomfortable. Gladia felt sorry that her husband died. Mrs. Delmarres husband was a very conscientious man, he always came at the same time, he was not worried. Gladia asked if she could get a drink, Bailey said ok and a robot gave her a glass of a warm drink. Then Gladia asked a question that she qualify rude, the question was if Daneel and Elijah were viewing or seeing each other. Bailey said that they were physically together. Gladia was surprised. They went back to the events, and Gladia told Elijah that she heard a shout from her husband before he died. Gladia also told Bailey that she ran and after the robots of Gladias house cleaned the murder scene. Mrs. Delmarre said that she heard no footsteps and no voice. At the end of the conversation she said that anyone could have murdered her husband and she said that she think she knows who did it and the said I (Gladia Delmarre).Daneel said that if the murderer was Gladia it was an obvious conclusion because she was the only person who did see her husband. They forgot that they were still talking to the lady. After thinking, Bailey asked Gladia if she did it and she said No angrily. Daneel said to Bailey that he had received information about the murder but he did not show the information to Bailey because it would be better if Elijah will come with his own conclusions. Then Daneel said to Bailey that during the conversation with Gladia, she was trying to seduce Bailey the whole time because she knew lots of thing about earth and the humans from earth including the ability to attract people with the physical appearance. But Bailey remained calm and reserved on those comments. Then Bailey started to think about another possibility which is that a robot could have witnessed Gladiahusband murder. When the murder happened, Gladia was unconscious and she was with the dead body. Bailed decided to talk with Gruer. So, he called him with the viewing machine. Elijah told Gruer that Gladia was innocent of that murder. This murder did not have evidences because, the robots destroyed it all. Gruer filled a Glass of water. The robot that was there at the scene of the crime was disturbed in his robot brain and he was scrapped after. Gruer told Bailey that the killed husband had enemies and the earth was in danger. The Gruer drank his water and put down the glass with difficulty and pain.Daneel screamed to Gruers robots to rescue their master. A minute later, a dozen robots entered the room where Gruer was. Bailey told Daneel that it was a poison that was in his glass of water. Bailey taught that someone could have put the poison in the water. Then Elijah started to talk to a robot that was working in Gruers house and that robot was not functioning well, it had difficulties to talk normally. That robot said to Bailey that he gave Hannis Gruer a glass of normal water that came form the reservoir tap, it was cold water. Then the doctor came to examine the situation. The doctor didnt know what kind of poison it was and he didnt want to learn the types of poisons because it will take days. Baley wanted the doctor to check if the reservoir tap was poisoned but the doctor did not know how. Elijah was angry at the doctor. Then, Bailey wanted to see Gladia to talk to here. So he asked the robot to make contact with here. So, Gladia said Hello. Gladia was about to start to eat. She asked Bailey to join here and Bailey accepted. Bailey went in the dinning room to make the dinner more realistic. Elijah was eating a brown soup. Gladia found the doctor poor because she thinks that it is a nasty job. Gladia do not like to hear the word: children. At the end, Elijah asked for her opinion about the poisoning of Hannis Gruer and she said that she dont want to hear about it.Bailey asked Gladia if she also taught that its the same person that killed her husband and poisoned Gruer and she said that she is innocent of that case, Bailey asked her why and she said that its impossible that she could have killed those persons. Bailey did not agree with that opinion. Then Gladia was angry at Bailey and sh e broke the contact. Daneel asked Bailey if she could be the murderer and Bailey said that its not very probable. Later Bailey said to Daneel that he had two jobs for him. Those jobs were: to get in touch with Dr. Thool and also to find out Gladias condition at the time of the murder of her husband. Bailey also said that he needed data for the investigation. And Bailey wanted to see a movie and asked Daneel if he could, but Daneel said to Bailey that he must ask the appropriate robot. Bailey went in the special room and asked a robot to show him a movie, Bailey choose one and tried to view it but he didnt really succeed. Elijah fell asleep and dreamed about his wife and the earth and the rays of sun that were on earth which is not possible. Bailey woke up dizzy and took a breakfast without tasting it. Daneel told Bailey that the new person that will replace Gruer will be Corwin Attlebish. Elijah wanted to talk now with him although he as supposed to talk to him 30 minutes later. Cor win was someone very mean and Bailey didnt like that man. Corwin said that Gladia killed her husband and Gruer poisoning was accidental. Bailey did not agree with that and did not agree with anything else that said Corwin. Corwin also wanted to send back Elijah on earth because he was useless on this case. At the end of the conversation, Bailey asked Corwin the authorization to meet people in real of in viewing, Corwin said that he will think about it. The conversation ended. Daneel told Bailey that he had to protect him at any cost. This means that he will not allow Bailey to go outside or to meet people even if Corwin will give his approval.Elijah wanted to go outside to do his job, Daneel was standing in front of him to block him. Daneel didnt want to fight because he was superior in strength, Bailey wanted to blast Daneel with his gun but Daneel made the gun unusable because he knew that Elijah would use it someday. Elijah put the gun down. Bailey told Daneel that he (Daneel) wa s made to imitate a spacer. Then Bailey lift a disposal unit. Bailey told Daneel to show him the metal inside him and Daneel opened his shirt and pressed on a spot on his chest and Bailey saw the metal. Bailey told him to freeze right there. Bailey asked Daneel to bring other normal robots in the room and 3 robots came. Bailey asked them if they saw Daneel and they said yes, then he said that Daneel was a robot like them and he should not obey them as if it was a human. The robots agreed. They also agreed at the fact that Elijah Bailey was the only human in this house. At the end of that conversation, Bailey made them promise that they will tell no one about Daneel being a robot. (That scene is the scene shown on the cover page of the book) Daneel closed his shirt. Bailey had now the freedom of going outside the mansion, he walk in the direction of the door and opened it, he saw a robot coming in his direction bringing him a small peace of paper that authorized Elijah of seeing peop le. Bailey was happy. Bailey took a plane to see a sociologist. Bailey liked the light that was coming from the window. Bailey arrived at destination and robots were waiting for him. Bailey met the sociologist, they walk and arrived in a big room where Bailey asked for an alcoholic drink. When they talk, he sociologist felt very uncomfortable with Bailey because his wife died 10 years ago. The sociologist name is Quemot. They talk a bit. Quemot told Bailey that the society on Solaria was based on the earth society but ameliorated.Bailey was impressed about Quemot comment. Quemot said after that is was based on the passed way of life. Elijah Bailey asked Quemot to tell him information about the Solaria way of life. Quemot said that he will inform Bailey. Quemot turned his chair completely away. Quemot said to Bailey that the planet Solaria settled 300 years ago and the first settlers were Nexonians. Nexon have 2 millions of population. Quemot started explaining information to Bailey. Bailey said to Quemot that he is not supposed to make everything for him easy because Elijah went to college. Then Bailey started to talk about sociology and Quemot didnt understand anything because he was the only sociologist on the planet, he was as incompetent as the doctor. Then Quemot ran out of the room saying My apologies. A robot came and said to Bailey if he wanted to drink. Then a projection of Quemot appeared. Quemot left because he taught that it was disgusting to breath the same air as someone else. Quemot said that it was an experience to talk to someone for real. Quemot also talked about the planet Sparta and her rebellion. He talked about politics, history and planets. Then they both talked about the Delmarre family. Quemot said that there was a non-lethal weapon all over Solaria that everyone knows. Its called a positronic robot.Bailey was surprised about the answer of Quemot which was the positronic robot. In fact, the positronic robot was an economic weapon. Quem ot talked about political, territory and population related information and Bailey was listening. The person that was murdered played chess with Quemot most of the time, he was a friend of him. Then they ended the conversation with each other. Bailey asked Quemot if he could use his viewing machine and Quemot said yes. So, Elijah asked a robot to bring him a smoked meat sandwich and a glass of milk. He also asked the robot to make the communication with the office where Mr. Delmarre worked before he was killed. So the robot made the conversation with the office. The person that was on the viewing screen was the assistant of Mr. Delmarre. Her face was oval. Her name is Klorissa Cantoro. Bailey told her his name and that he was here to investigate on Mr. Delmarre murder. Elijah asked her if he could visit the farm where she and Mr. Delmarre worked. She said yes if only the stayed far from each other. Bailey went to her farm. Klorissa did not liked her job and she said that Mr. Delmarr e didnt like his job either but he didnt show it. The farm that they were visiting was not an animal farm but a baby farm. The fetus were removed from the mothers by human and put in small containers that held some fluid with nutriments. The robot were taking care of them. At the end of their conversation. Klorissa asked Bailey if he wanted to see the children that were raised by the robots. Bailey said yes and the both went to see the children. Klorissa and Elijah were still about 20 feet away.Klorissa laughed because of the supposition that Bailey made which was that she killed Mr. Delmarre. She laughed so much that her face turned almost purple. Bailey said it is possible because she got used to being so close to children. Bailey also said that a good raison that she killed her husband is that she could have the total control of the baby farm. She did not agree with both arguments. Then she asked Bailey if he knew why she had a ring on her finger. Bailey said no and he wanted to know why. Klorissa said to Bailey that she was the third person on the planet that had an almost perfect genetic stability. Then Klorissa said to Bailey that its not very possible that robots can give affection. Klorissa was shocked. They talked about children and raising children and robots. Klorissa said to Elijah that a guy called Leebig had the job of taking care of robots. Klorissa didnt know anything about that man. They went outside to see the kids playing. Then they talked about the relationship between the kids an there parents. Bailey was impressed about that. Klorissa said that she is married. Bailey was walking and he decided to stay between three trees. Then Klorissa said to him to watch out because an arrow was coming at him. Bailey bend down and the arrow missed him. He was scared. The person that shoot the arrow was a kid, his name was Bik. He did that because a robot told him that earth men were full of germs. The robot that told him that had a unusual memory proble m. Then Bailey noticed that the arrow that missed him was poisoned.Klorissa was sure that it was impossible that the arrow of Bik was poisoned. Then, Bailey asked Klorissa if she knew where the parents of Bik were, she said that she could the records. Bailey had an idea which was to test if the arrow was really poisoned. Bailey called Gladia with the viewing machine. He told her that he will come to visit her home, Gladia didnt really wanted to let him come to her mansion but she still accepted. She started to talk about Leebig. Leebig never wanted to get married because he stopped seeing people at 5 years old. They ended the conversation. Bailey now wanted to talk to Leebig with the viewing machine. Bailey was eating a sandwich. So Elijah talked to Leebig. Leebig was a lean man with anger. Leebig was arrogant at Bailey when they talked. Leebig didnt want to talk to Bailey because he had work to do. Leebig said to Bailey that he was a dirty animal. Bailey informed Leebig about his r elation to Delmarre as friends. They talked about robots. Bailey told Jothan Leebig that robots can commit murders in certain situations.Leebig was surprised that Bailey said such a thing. Elijah Bailey found that the 3 laws have a problem and Bailey will give an example of that problem to Leebig. But first, Bailey wanted to tell him directly (seeing) but Leebig was completely in disapproval with that. So, they agreed to view. So Bailey told a robot to inform Klorissa that he will be using her seeing machine until further notice and he dont want to be disturbed. Bailey went to the bathroom and came back. Bailey said the first law to Leebig and he told him the little ground car adventure he had when he came to Solaria and he found a error in the first law. Then, Bailey said the second law. Elijah found out that if two robots do two certain different actions at different time it could be something really bad because the other robot wont know that the other robot did. A robot may put p oison in water and another one may give it to a human and the robots wont be held responsible. Leebig was again surprised by this deduction. Leebig said to Bailey that no man on Solaria would give such orders. Elijah said that it already happened. Elijah asked if Leebig was the only roboticist on Solaria and he said that there is about twenty (20) on that planet but Leebig was the best he said. Leebig said that the robot that assisted to the murder was complete lost because when a robot do not respect a law his positronic brain will stop working normally that was surprising to Elijah. Then, they both talked about Gladia and her social life with Leebig. He was walking-viewing her sometimes and he talk to her about robot and robot systems and Leebig knew that Gladia was having trouble with her husband; which Bailey didnt knew. That, made Bailey seriously think that Gladia was the murderer.Bailey asked Leebig if he knew why they were fighting. But Leebig said the he is better to ask he r directly. They ended the conversation. Bailey talked to himself and went to visit Gladias mansion in person. They both stood at the extremities of a long room. Gladia looked pale and she had brown-blond hair and gray-blue eyes. She was covered entirely with clothes expect for her face. Bailey taught that they were too close. Gladia and Bailey talked about the earth and movies for a few seconds. Then Bailey asked if he could get closer to Mrs. Delmarre and he got her approval. Bailey came closer and closer until he was six (6) feet away from her. Gladia wanted to show him a room that let you do art work. Those artworks are called field coloring. Gladia showed him how it works and Elijah Bailey was amazed at those effects. Those effects are created by moving fingers on a little touch pad and that creates 3d colored figures and glowing lights in the room in real time. Bailey tried to some art but he didnt succeeded. Robots were forbidden in that room. They decided to go outside to ta lk and walk and to see the naked sun. Bailey was feeling a bit cold. Gladia told Bailey that she didnt learned anything from all the conversations she had with Dr. Leebig. The sun was low in the sky and he was red. Gladia took a flower from the ground. That made Bailey associate that with the murder of Mr. Delmarre. They both talked about Elijah s wife and the quarrels between Gladia her husband. Gladia cried. Bailey asked Gladia if she killed her husband and she said that she didnt remember. She stopped crying. They both heard an other sound.Bailey recognize Daneel and Bailey was surprised. He was surprised because he was on a bed for a reason that he didnt know. Daneel explained why to him and the reason was that he lost conscienceless when he saw the plain red sun coming down the sky. Bailey was in the room of Mrs. Delmarre. Daneel said to Bailey that Mrs. Delmarre was trying to view him with the machine. Then they talked about robots of the planet. Elijah asked what Daneel was d oing here and the robot answered that he was doing research of his own. Daneel said that he viewed Klorissa before. Bailey dressed. Then Daneel said that he arrested Mrs. Delmarre because he taught that she were the assassin. After saying that, Elijah Bailey and Daneel talked about the accusation without proof of Mrs. Delmarre. Daneel was very sure that she was murdered but Bailey was completely sure of the contrary. After that long conversation, Daneel said to Bailey that he also arrested Dr. Thool because he taught that he was in the murder process. Then Bailey was a bit angry at Daneel because he arrested two people without proof but Elijah didnt have a other explanation. At the end of that part of the conversation, Elijah went outside the mansion to see the darkness of the night and a idea popped up of Baileys head.Daneel said Tomorrow because it was too late to start a plan. Bailey wanted to do a meeting of all the spacers he met to discuss about the murder. Daneel knew it. Bai ley talked alone for a while and felled asleep. Bailey woke up the next day and showered and dressed. He was prepared physically for the meeting. The meeting was about to start and Gladia Delmarre arrived then Attlebish, then Leebig, then Quemot, Klorissa and finally Dr. Thool. They all appeared expect Gruer that was in the hospital. Most of the guests of that reunion seemed in bad health or low moral. During that reunion they talked a lot about the possibilities if who the murderer was and, after several minutes of thinking and listening to the guests, Bailey went down with one and only person that was capable of doing the murder using a dangerous weapon: the positronic robot. And the murder that Bailey found the most logical is Dr. Leebig. Dr. Leebig was completely against this fact. And no one seemed to argue with this Baileys conclusion.Leebig was screaming at Bailey in disagreement. But Bailey stayed neutral and continued to enumerate irrefutable facts proving his culpability i n this case. Attlebish said firmly to Leebig to listen to Elijah. Those facts were very true and Leebig was staring at Bailey in stupefaction. Bailey talked about spaceships that had the intelligence and the capability of thinking that could be use to make war. Then Attlebish arrested Leebig. A robot came to see Elijah because he had a notice for him. That notice was the R. Daneel was heading in the direction of Dr. Leebig the murderer and that he will see him. When Leebig heard that he was so scared that he literally confessed about everything that he done. Then he killed himself. For Leebig, seeing was a torture. Daneel arrived in Leebig s mansion and confirmed that that human was dead. Then, when the meeting was over, Gladia asked Elijah Bailey if she could touch him and Bailey said yes. So she put her hand on his face and said to him Good Bye. After that, Bailey started a long conversation with his boss; Minnim. That conversation was about earth, sociology, and social relations between humans. Bailey went back to earth to see his family and thats it! .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 , .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .postImageUrl , .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 , .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:hover , .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:visited , .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:active { border:0!important; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:active , .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25 .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6118b0eb8d5de6ded2fd2d228a815e25:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Relationship between stories Essay We will write a custom essay on The Naked Sun specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now